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Artificial Narrow Intelligence
The “broad” definition of AI is vague and can cause a misrepresentation of the type of AI that we interact with today.
Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) also known as “Weak” AI is the AI that exists in our world today. Narrow AI is AI that is programmed to perform a single task — whether it’s checking the weather, being able to play chess, or analyzing raw data to write journalistic reports.
ANI systems can attend to a task in real-time, but they pull information from
a specific data-set. As a result, these systems don’t perform outside of the single task that they are designed to perform.
Artificial Super Intelligence
Oxford philosopher Nick Bostrom defines superintelligence as
“any intellect that greatly exceeds the cognitive performance of humans in virtually all domains of interest”
Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) will surpass human intelligence in all aspects — from creativity, to general wisdom, to problem-solving. Machines will be capable of exhibiting intelligence that we haven’t seen in the brightest amongst us. This is the type of AI that many people are worried about, and the type of AI that people like Elon Musk think will lead to the extinction of the human race.
Unlike General or “Strong” AI, which I’ll discuss further below, Narrow AI is not conscious, sentient, or driven by emotion the way that humans are. Narrow AI operates within a pre-determined, pre-defined range, even if it appears to be much more sophisticated than that.
A Melding of Humans and Machines
But like any other technology, AI is a double-edged sword. According to futurist
Ray Kurzweil, if the technological singularity happens, then there won’t be a machine takeover. Instead, we’ll be able to
co-exist with AI in a world where machines reinforce human abilities.
Kurzweil predicts that
by 2045, we will be able to multiply our intelligence a billionfold by linking wirelessly from our neocortex to a synthetic neocortex in the cloud. This will essentially cause a melding of humans and machines. Not only will we be able to connect with machines via the cloud, we’ll be able to connect to another person’s neocortex. This could enhance the overall human experience and allow us to discover various unexplored aspects of humanity.
Though we’re years away from ASI, researchers predict that the leap from AGI to ASI will be a short one. No one really knows when the first sentient computer life form is going to arrive. But as Narrow AI gets increasingly sophisticated and capable, we can begin to envision a future that is driven by both machines and humans; one in which we are much more intelligent, conscious, and self-aware.
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